Michigan Ebike Laws 2025: What You Need to Know

What Do Ebikes Define in Michigan? Are They Legal?

In Michigan, an electric bike (e-bike) is legally defined as a bicycle that meets the following criteria:

• It has a seat or saddle for the rider.
• It is equipped with fully operational pedals.
• It features an electric motor no more powerful than 750 watts.

Michigan updates its Ebike regulations in 2025, continuing to follow a three-class system under specific sections of the Michigan Vehicle Code. These classifications help determine where and how Ebikes can be used:

• Class 1: The motor assists only while the rider is pedaling and stops assisting at 20 mph.
• Class 2: The motor can propel the bike without pedaling but cannot assist beyond 20 mph.
• Class 3: The motor assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph. Riders must be at least 14 years old, and a speedometer is required.

Good news for riders: No registration, driver's license, or insurance is required to operate an Ebike in any class. However, if you own a Class 3 Ebike, you must be at least 14 years old, and you cannot alter the factory classification label after purchase.

Where Can You Ride Ebikes in Michigan?

In Michigan, where you can ride an Ebike largely depends on its classification and local regulations. All three classes of Ebikes are allowed on streets, roads, and designated bike lanes where traditional bicycles are permitted. However, when it comes to trails, the rules are more specific:

• Class 1 Ebikes are generally allowed on paved or crushed limestone trails (linear trails) unless a local authority specifically restricts them.
• Class 2 and Class 3 Ebikes may be allowed on non-motorized trails only if the local authority approves their use.
• All three classes are prohibited on non-motorized, natural surface trails designed primarily for hiking or mountain biking, unless otherwise authorized.

Special rules apply for Mackinac Island:

Ebikes are not allowed unless a rider has mobility impairments and receives a permit from the Mackinac Island State Park Commission. In such cases, Class 1 Ebikes are typically permitted for accessibility needs.

Always check local trail regulations before riding, as municipalities have the authority to limit or ban Ebike use on certain paths. For the most up-to-date information, visit the Michigan DNR Ebike page.

Do You Need a License or Insurance to Ride Ebikes in Michigan?

As of 2025, Michigan Ebike laws do not require a driver's license, vehicle registration, or insurance to operate an electric bike. The three Ebike classes are all exempt from licensing and insurance requirements.

However, it's important to note that Ebike riders must adhere to the same traffic laws as traditional bicycle riders. Additionally, while not mandatory, considering insurance coverage for your Ebike can be beneficial to protect against potential theft or damage.

Are There Any Age Restrictions to Riding Ebikes in Michigan?

Yes, there are age restrictions for riding Ebikes in Michigan. Riders of Class 3 Ebikes must be at least 14 years old. There are no age restrictions for riding Class 1 and Class 2 Ebikes.

Do You Have to Wear a Helmet on an Ebike in Michigan?

Yes, riders and passengers on Class 3 Ebikes are required to wear a helmet if they are under 18. There is no helmet requirement for riders on Class 1 and Class 2 Ebikes, regardless of age. However, wearing a helmet is strongly recommended for cycling safety.

Conclusion

You should be aware that your choice of riding site may be influenced by the class of Ebike you ride now that Michigan has clarified the Ebike legislation. Your preferred bike route might be prohibited. 

A Class 1 or Class 2 Ebike will give you the freedom to ride on both bicycle routes and public roads. A Class 3 Ebike might be the ideal option if you want to increase your traveling miles with less time, but be aware that you might not be allowed to use that new Ebike on your neighborhood bike path. Get familiar with Michigan Ebike laws 2025 and be a responsible rider.